Learn before you drill
Review vocabulary, grammar rules, formulas, and test-day strategy before opening a question set.
relegate to a lower or outer edge, as of specific groups of people
Austin McCoy has argued that historians have tended to marginalize rank-and-file workers in analyses of changes in organized labor in the United States in the decades following the Second World War, presenting political, business, and labor leaders as the major actors and ordinary workers as nearly devoid of agency.
expressing or manifesting disapproval
mixed feelings or emotions
In Nature Poem (2017), Kumeyaay poet Tommy Pico portrays his ambivalence toward the natural world by honoring the centrality of nature within his tribe’s traditional beliefs while simultaneously expressing his distaste for being in wilderness settings himself.
the quality of being intricate and compounded
A brief book review cannot fully convey the complexity of Olga Tokarczuk’s novel The Books of Jacob , with its enormous cast of characters, its complicated, wandering plot, and its page numbers that count backward (beginning at 965 and ending at 1).
Du Bois and Alain Locke, whose decisions for their publications were more dogmatic .
planned or scheduled for some certain time or times
meet at a point
Critics have asserted that fine art and fashion rarely intersect in a world where artists create timeless works for exhibition and designers periodically produce new styles for the public to buy.
marked by or capable of arousing controversy
Also, the store was a source of information.
Former astronaut Ellen Ochoa says that although she doesn’t have a definite idea of when it might happen, she speculates that humans will someday need to be able to live in other environments than those found on Earth.
the act of checking or adjusting (by comparison with a standard) the accuracy of a measuring instrument
This theory was confirmed with observations in 2017.
declared publicly; made widely known
a book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel under the leaders known as judges
in a prudent manner
One challenge of generating electricity from ocean waves is that wave power isn’t consistent : it varies in unpredictable ways that pose technological and planning problems for electricity generation.
Although critics believed that customers would never agree to pay to pick their own produce on farms, such concerns didn’t hinder Booker T.
engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity
The fossils are so well preserved that the team has been able to obtain detailed information about the life forms that left them behind, such as color patterns and how they interacted with other species.
unproductive of success
Some scientists argue that this abrupt change in the fossil record might be because of a shift in many organisms to body types that were more likely to be preserved.
When marine biologist Brittany Williams played different ocean recordings to groups of oyster larvae, groups that heard sounds of a healthy oyster reef were the most responsive .
the quality of being not easily seen
a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility
performed comprehensively and completely; not superficial or partial
Barring major archaeological discoveries, we are unlikely to ever have exhaustive account of ancient Egypt under the female pharaoh Hatshepsut, as much of the evidence of her reign was deliberately destroyed by her successors.
To improve this system, reforms were proposed in 1837, including the use of a postage stamp, a small receipt pasted to the mail indicating that delivery costs had been paid by the sender.
out of fashion
in a beneficial manner
As an architect in Los Angeles in the 1950s, Helen Liu Fong became known for avoiding traditional designs in her buildings.
Economists often assert that countries looking to increase their reliance on solar energy should expand their capacity for storage; having an ample reserve of stored energy can mitigate the effects of fluctuations in solar energy collection caused by unpredictable shifts in cloud cover and haze.
Ezra Pound’s poetry can be hard to comprehend : it is dense, experimental, and so full of references and allusions that many readers have a difficult time even identifying the poems’ subjects.
Ronyoung Kim creatively captures the Korean American immigrant experience in her novel Clay Walls by writing about a family from three distinct perspectives.
She and her colleagues have found that the site’s age differs from the original estimate: it is approximately 20 years older than scholars thought when first encountering Machu Picchu in 1911.
capable of being foretold
not arrogant or presuming
discovered or determined by scientific observation
confidently declared to be so
One of her most divisive works was an essay questioning the idea of photography as an emerging medium for fine art: in the essay, Eastlake asserted that the value of photographs was informational rather than creative.
To study early Earth’s climate in action, we must simulate that climate using computer models that represent various climate conditions consistent with the physical evidence.
Maize (corn), another crop domesticated by Indigenous Americans, shows so little resemblance to any wild plant that genetic research was necessary to confirm teosinte grass as its ancestor.
In recommending Bao Phi’s collection S ông I Sing , a librarian noted that pieces by the spoken-word poet don’t lose their melodic nature when printed: the language has the same pleasant musical quality on the page as it does when performed by Phi.
cause to become widely known
situated in a particular spot or position
What a photograph conveys is therefore largely contingent on how it is balanced.
formed or developed from something else; not original
characterized by deliberate purpose and some degree of planning
The plant is a type of seagrass called Posidonia australis , and it spans approximately 200 square kilometers.
exercising or involving careful evaluations
inspired with confidence
Although the playwrights hoped that their play would be rousing when performed live, critics generally agreed that the production and performances had the opposite effect, wearying audiences instead of energizing them.
(used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity in thought or action
characteristic of scholars or scholarship
This esteem surely helped him to convince France to assist the United States.
not applicable or pertinent; not relating to the subject at hand
not easily borne; wearing
made or joined or united into one
The printing of Virginia Woolf’s novels featured a creative partnership between Woolf and her sister Vanessa Bell: a talented painter, Bell worked closely with Woolf to create original cover art for most of the novels.
Businesses typically try to promote themselves, but research by Michael Luca, Abhishek Nagaraj, and Gauri Subramani suggests that some do not optimize their marketing.
This has led some experts to suggest that the set may have been buried intentionally; however, without clear evidence, archaeologists are left to speculate about what happened.
lacking practical experience or training
A musician and member of the Quechua of Peru, Renata Flores Rivera was eager to promote the Quechua language in her music, but she was inexperienced with speaking it.
This passion for the rich history and colors of her Latinx community translates into the vivid artworks she produces.
As discussed by scholar Anna Mladentseva, many artworks produced in the mid-1990s to the early 2000s exclusively for exhibition on the internet, such as Sinae Kim’s Genesis (2001), have become inaccessible because viewing them requires the use of defunct software (most notably Adobe Flash, discontinued in 2021).
the quality of being suited to the end in view
of or relating to prediction; having value for making predictions
Despite how opaque they may seem on first glance, the works of the philosopher Georg Hegel have proven to be quite influential.
Researcher Haesung Jung led a 2020 study showing that individual acts of kindness can foster prosocial behavior across a larger group.
having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome
This approach was apparently successful : the Azores bullfinch’s population size increased from as few as 100 birds at the end of the 1980s to around 1,300 in 2023.
However, recent excavations in a sector of Tikal (Guatemala) unearthed a citadel that shows commonalities with Teotihuacán (Mexico) architecture—including a near replica of a famed Teotihuacán temple—providing tangible evidence of outside influence in portions of Tikal.
hold back to a later time
Markita del Carpio Landry and her colleagues have shown that it may be possible to overcome this problem by transmitting molecules through carbon nanotubes, which can cross cell walls.
newly discovered
Jenkins recognized and took full advantage of this newfound access to powerful technology to create groundbreaking works of video art, such as Mass of Images (1978).
having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate
Beginning in the 1950s, Navajo Nation legislator Annie Dodge Wauneka continuously worked to promote public health; this persistent effort involved traveling throughout the vast Navajo homeland and writing a medical dictionary for speakers of Diné bizaad , the Navajo language.
detect with the senses
The fossil remains of the individual known as Oase 1, discovered in Romania in 2002, can help paleoanthropologists not only discern steps in the evolution of hominids but also illuminate the Pleistocene epoch generally, revealing important details about the time in which Oase 1 lived.
impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses
Steiger Butte Drum’s participation is integral to the piece: members not only contributed to its composition but also must be included in all performances.
The results of randomized clinical trials testing the efficacy of common medical interventions sometimes fail to corroborate conclusions that practitioners reach based on their real-world observations of patients.
the quality of being diverse and not comparable in kind
capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are
As Sumiko Higashi argues, some filmmakers relied on film critics to influence the public’s perception of the world of cinema.
causing an emotional disturbance
Urban planning expert Francisco Lara-Valencia and colleagues have argued that managing environmental matters along the US-Mexico border requires coordination between the two countries’ governments.
not clearly defined or easy to perceive or understand
shut off to passage or view or hindered from action
To rectify this situation, Maggie Lena Walker chartered the St.
the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed
These plants are extremely sensitive to water depth during the “floating leaf” stage of development, and if the water is too deep, the buoyancy of the young wild-rice plants can literally uproot them from the lake bottom, destroying them.
being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods
have faith or confidence in
Employing robots instead of humans to make repairs will be helpful, as relying on astronauts to maintain the telescope can be expensive.
Research conducted by planetary scientist Katarina Miljkovic suggests that the Moon’s surface may not accurately reflect early impact events.
the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order
having or displaying warmth or affection
attractive and tempting
not conclusive; not putting an end to doubt or question
Cosmochemist Kazuhide Nagashima and colleagues note that at the small scale of the samples, the distribution of minerals is unlikely to be uniform .
causing loss of physical or intellectual bearings
David de Santana proved this idea wrong by demonstrating that there are in fact three distinct species of electric eels.
This creates a more tranquil environment with calmer waters where animals can take shelter.
a terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the 1980s to provide money and recruit fighters around the world; enlisted and transported thousands of men to Afghanistan to fight the Russians; a split in the group led bin Laden and the extremist faction of MAK to form al
incapable of failure or error
For a 2020 exhibition, photographer and neurobiologist Okunola Jeyifous created a series of new images based on a series of alphabet posters from the 1970s known as the “Black ABCs,” which featured Black children from Chicago.
imparting a divine influence on the mind and soul
Scholars long thought that the initial spread of silk beyond China occurred in the second century CE, but this view has been contradicted by new archaeological evidence from South Asia that reveals that the people of the Indus Civilization made use of silk at least 1,000 years earlier.
to insert between other elements
having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully
have the idea for
characterized by or showing the suppression of impulses or emotions
the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication)
a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement
requiring more than usually expected or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill
given a completely different form or appearance
In fact, some historians argue that it fundamentally transformed the industry by enabling it to take advantage of mass production methods for the first time.
requiring secret or mysterious knowledge
found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form
extremely harmful; bringing physical or financial ruin
arranged in a sequence of grades or ranks
confirmation that some fact or statement is true through the use of documentary evidence
high in price or charging high prices
Jemisin declines to conform to the conventions of the science fiction genre in which she writes, and she has suggested that her readers appreciate her work precisely because of this willingness to thwart expectations and avoid formulaic plots and themes.
a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
In addition to being an accomplished psychologist himself, Francis Cecil Sumner was a proponent of increasing the opportunity for Black students to study psychology, helping to found the psychology department at Howard University, a historically Black university, in 1930.
a positive feeling of liking
Some scientists have suggested that mammals in the Mesozoic era were not a very diverse group, but paleontologist Zhe-Xi Luo’s research suggests that early mammals living in the shadow of dinosaurs weren’t all ground-dwelling insectivores.
appointed to a post or duty
For example, the way certain vowel sounds are pronounced in it can be traced to how they are pronounced in Yoruba, a West African language.
Given the formation’s greater prevalence among whales known to make deeper dives, some researchers hypothesize that its role isn’t latent ; rather, the accessory spleen may actively support diving mechanisms.
all of the same or similar kind or nature
Disproving the common misconception of Native art as homogeneous , the painters whose work appears in the collection at the National Museum of the American Indian employ a range of styles.
The recently observed gamma ray burst GRB 230307A lasted for 200 seconds, oddity for a burst generated by the merger of neutron stars.
This evidence of protozoans sophisticatedly “changing their minds” demonstrates that single-celled organisms may not be limited to rudimentary behaviors.
no longer sufficient
not often
Wooden objects rarely survive for so long due to their high susceptibility to rot, but archaeologists suspect layers of sediment in the ditch preserved the figure by creating an oxygen-free environment.
Individuals tend to be more decisive if the information flow between the regions is intensified, whereas they make choices more slowly when information flow is reduced .
praise, glorify, or honor
These variations suggest that the work may be that of a student under Vermeer’s tutelage—potentially negating our understanding of Vermeer as a solitary artist.
Due to their often strange images, highly experimental syntax, and opaque subject matter, many of John Ashbery’s poems can be quite difficult to interpret and thus are the object of heated debate among scholars.
any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message
able or fit to be repeated or quoted
the quality of having little or no significance
having many aspects or qualities
The National Heritage Fellowship was created to publicly recognize exceptional folk and traditional artists in the United States.
to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds
emotionally aroused
promoting or enhancing well-being
deserving regret
represented accurately or precisely
represented in words especially with sharpness and detail
occupied or in the control of; often used in combination
Delany’s 1966 novel Babel-17 , is a poet, an occupation which, in Delany’s work, is not atypical : nearly a dozen of the characters that populate his novels are poets or writers.
Detailed statistical analysis helped preclude claims of the event’s ambiguity , confirming the signal at a confidence level of over 99%.
Dance choreographer Jawole Willa Jo Zollar aims to give people the opportunity to be involved in her creative process.
incapable of being explained or accounted for
A healthy viburnum plant, on the other hand, will have leaves with smooth surfaces and uniformly green coloration.
commonly used or practiced; usual
marked by or capable of arousing controversy
expected hopefully
Tohru Ikeguchi uses open-source data and statistical modeling to identify when a high number of users making one-way trips is likely to leave some locations within the system saturated with bicycles and other areas with insufficient supply.
make familiar or conversant with
include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory
established by authority; given authoritative approval
This finding may persuade researchers who have argued that Bronze Age societies were ruled by men to concede that women may have also held leadership roles.
In order to protect those areas, the United States Congress passed the National Trails System Act in 1968, ensuring that the trail would not be sold or commercially developed.
Predatory animals differ widely in how they provide food for their young.
producing a sizeable profit
In 2015 they decided that creating a new national trail connecting many of these sites would promote their preservation efforts, because the US government provides some protections to national trails that aren’t given to other areas.
assign a priority to
The works of Chicana artist Ester Hernandez are now featured in museums both in the United States and abroad, but the murals she contributed to as a member of Las Mujeres Muralistas early in her artistic career were displayed in outdoor public spaces across San Francisco.
possible but not necessary; left to personal choice
The researchers suspect that video meeting participants are focused on staring at the speaker on the screen and don’t allow their eyes or mind to wander as much, which may ultimately impede creativity.
For this reason, many researchers believe that birds in densely vegetated habitats generally sing at lower frequencies than birds living in comparatively sparse habitats, since dense vegetation tends to diminish the distance that high-frequency sounds can travel.
the property of being extremely abundant
These cats have been difficult to research because their habitats are so distant from large populations of humans.
De La Cruz is known for transcending traditional boundaries between academic disciplines.
formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure
based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice
These unique patterns allow fireflies of the same species to find each other.
Because Xoconochco’s location within the empire was so peripheral , cacao and other trade goods produced there could reach the capital only after a long overland journey.
close in time; about to occur
without knowledge or intention
The many elements of subak—terraces, canals, and water temples—are interconnected : they are joined together into a single cohesive unit.
distributed or spread over a considerable extent
It would be a mistake to overlook the exhibit that artist and curator Joe Baker, who is a member of the Lenape (Delaware) people, has organized at the Brooklyn Public Library.
not applicable or pertinent; not relating to the subject at hand
People sometimes dismiss a claim if it comes from a source they regard as self-interested, but from a strictly logical perspective, the source of a claim is irrelevant : it has no direct bearing on whether the claim is true.
having something undesirable neutralized
being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods
not noticed inadvertently
capable of being seen or noticed
look down on with disdain
Unlike Kuroda Seiki, who adopted traditional European methods such as painting with oil on canvas, Hishida Shunsō embraced traditional Japanese approaches.
the act of commercializing something; involving something in commerce
caused by law or conscience to follow a certain course
difficult to analyze or understand
The company further solidified its dominance in rail access to the state’s Pacific coast when it completed the Sunset Route in 1883: running from Louisiana to Southern California, the route established the first transcontinental rail line across the southern United States.
in a hurried or hasty manner
If one has a supposition that the word “get” has a high incidence in English, for example, an analysis of a corpus can support that hypothesis by showing that “get” is the fifth most commonly used verb.
found in the ordinary course of events
express a negative opinion of
Though not closely related, the hedgehog tenrecs of Madagascar share basic similarities with true hedgehogs, including protective spines, pointed snouts, and small body size—traits the two groups of mammals independently developed in response to equivalent roles in their respective habitats.
Around this time, however, the ancestors of Indigenous peoples in North America began raising cucurbits as crops, thus ensuring the plants’ survival.
acting or brought about through an intervening agency
found that increases in household spending power (via tax credits) had mixed effects on mobility decisions, possibly because residential location choices are not fully reducible to economic factors but are also mediated by noneconomic factors such as access to strong local social networks.
Ofelia Zepeda’s contributions to the field of linguistics are extensive : her many accomplishments include working as a linguistics professor and bilingual poet, authoring the first Tohono O’odham grammar book, and co-founding the American Indian Language Development Institute.
Telling Osage stories through ballet is suitable choice because two of the foremost ballet dancers of the twentieth century were Osage: sisters Maria and Marjorie Tallchief.
emotionally hurt or upset or annoyed
not noticed inadvertently
not possible to deny
Given how little consensus there is among scientists regarding the scope of these categories, this discrepancy shouldn’t be surprising: forest researchers regularly dispute one another’s classifications.
making or causing a harsh and irritating sound
The Carnegie Museum of Art maintains thousands of his photographs, carefully preserving them so that audiences can continue to view them well into the future.
easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind
mix together different elements
Until recently, Theia was notional , but researcher Qian Yuan and colleagues now claim to have identified pieces of the protoplanet in the lowermost section of Earth’s mantle.
regarded with admiration
Although the government of the Soviet Union attempted to suppress Georgi Vladimov’s novel Faithful Ruslan , copies of the book circulated in secret among readers in several parts of the country.
A collaboration between the Crow Tribe and Montana State University exemplifies this model: tribal citizens worked alongside scientists to design the methodology and continue to assist in data collection.
the state of being everywhere at once (or seeming to be everywhere at once)
attribute these artifacts’ apparent ubiquity to the evolution and propagation of symbolic behavior ( e.g.
made by hand or a hand process
Artist Marilyn Dingle’s intricate, coiled baskets are handmade from sweetgrass and palmetto palm.
Chen contributed to a groundbreaking study challenging the accepted view that among prehistoric peoples, female participation in hunting was negligible .
Skeptical colleagues had initially suggested to Bastos that the kea’s interactions with the stones might simply be accidental , but Bastos and her team showed that the kea was using the stones deliberately.
According to a US tax policy expert, state taxes are overshadowed by other factors when considering an interstate move.
inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information
Studying how workload affects productivity, Maryam Kouchaki and colleagues found that people who chose to do relatively easy tasks first were less efficient compared to those who did hard tasks first.
having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety
close in time; about to occur
Preceding a flare, the corona temporarily exhibits increased brightness above the region where the flare is impending .
not taken into account
not obtrusive or undesirably noticeable
the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another
capable of being imagined
place into or assign to a category
The flowers and trees in the garden at her home in Washington, DC, influenced her work.
Botanist Al Kovaleski has pointed out that maple trees already thrive in a wide variety of climates and thus may adapt to changes in climate better than some other tree species do.
Eighteenth-century historian Edward Gibbon thought the only character defect of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was his mild temperament—though the emperor was widely considered virtuous, his overly permissive nature led him to indulge the vices of those who surrounded him.
(used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity in thought or action
receiving deferential regard
give legal value to or establish as the legal tender of a country
Expecting to see continued growth, some analysts predicted that revenues will more than double by 2028.
capable of being apprehended or understood
So, before sleeping, Latro records the important experiences of each day on a scroll, carefully choosing which ones to preserve .
not likely to arouse controversy
Charities can mitigate this effect by compensating donors for nuisance costs, but those costs, though variable, are largely independent of donation size, so charities that compensate donors will likely favor attracting a few large donors over many small donors.
In both plays, the all-female cast comprises an array of female characters, including a strong mother and several daughters dealing with individual struggles.
serving to support or corroborate
experiencing a sudden sense of danger
But neuroscientist and election pollster Sam Wang has said that these prediction failures should not lead campaigns to neglect election polling entirely.
construct or form anew or provide with a new structure
successfully completed or brought to an end
without good sense or judgment
occurring among members of a family usually by heredity
Researchers would later mitigate this shortcoming after gaining new access to banking records located in nations in Africa, such as Tunisia, and Eastern Europe, such as Hungary.
relatively low in price or charging low prices
Researchers Fadel Adib and Dina Katabi have shown, however, that there may be a comparatively inexpensive alternative: small changes to the Wi-Fi technology used in smartphones can give users a cheap way to count people or even identify their gestures through walls.
Carte de visite photos helped to popularize photography: they made it easy and enjoyable for everyday people to have their pictures taken, and people at the time loved exchanging these small photos with friends and family.
This method of farming proved to be highly effective , as evidenced by the great number and variety of crops grown at that time.
the act of giving a false appearance
Historians argue that Morris’s repudiation of industrialization is manifest in the Kelmscott editions’ use of handmade materials and intricate ornamentation reminiscent of medieval manuscripts: these meticulously handcrafted elements exemplify the artistry involved.
held back or restrained or prevented
NASA scientist Daniella DellaGiustina reports that despite facing the unexpected obstacle of a surface mostly covered in boulders, OSIRIS-REx successfully collected a sample of the surface, gathering pieces of it to bring back to Earth.
Drivers who strongly believe that the toll they must pay to use the Lewis and Clark Bridge, which spans the Ohio River to connect Indiana and Kentucky, is currently too high are unlikely to be receptive to a proposal to increase the toll.
Because the journey at the novel’s center is so haphazard , with the protagonist ricocheting chaotically across time, the reader often wonders whether the pair will ever be reunited.
Particle physicists like Ayana Holloway Arce and Aida El-Khadra spend much of their time inspecting what is invisible to the naked eye: using sophisticated technology, they closely examine the behavior of subatomic particles, the smallest detectable parts of matter.
Art scholars have noted that some colors seem to be more attractive to viewers than others.
Sumerian civilization (which lasted from around 3300 to 2000 BCE) introduced many concepts that persist into present-day civilizations: for example, the first description of the seven-day week appears in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh .
not necessary
causing surprise or wonder or amazement
a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory
designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently
embody the essential characteristics of or be a typical example of
Logically, a damaged fossil should provide less information than an intact one, but for paleontologist Brigitte Schoenemann, a broken area on a fossilized trilobite (a crustacean-like creature) offered fresh insight, allowing her to view the inner structure of the organism’s eye.
not original; not being or productive of something fresh and unusual
serving to support or corroborate
Diego Velázquez was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain during the seventeenth century, but his influence was hardly confined to Spain: realist and impressionist painters around the world employed his techniques and echoed elements of his style.
having or showing or requiring special skill
To get these items, Schomburg depended on friends and colleagues, whom he asked to bring back rare and valuable objects from their international travels.
not frequent; not occurring regularly or at short intervals
in a strenuous manner; strongly or vigorously
The equipment from the Apollo Moon landings (1969–1972), such as radiation detectors and temperature probes, remains there to this day, but the data from these missions were mostly inaccessible until a recent data-transfer project made them available .
Scholarly discussions of gender in Shakespeare’s comedies often celebrate the rebellion of the playwright’s characters against the rigid expectations prescribed by Elizabethan society.
It was advantageous for a business to be featured, since being included suggested that a business was an important part of the community.
set in advance
British painter Peter Edwards has a reputation for painting portraits of notable figures from a variety of different fields.
embody the essential characteristics of or be a typical example of
the appearance of truth; the quality of seeming to be true
against your will
Researchers have struggled to pinpoint specific causes for hiccups, which happen when a person’s diaphragm contracts involuntarily .
capable of being explicated or accounted for
having the identity known or established
turned about in order or relation
In this view, an item’s age is the strongest indicator of how much longer it will last.
being in opposition or having an opponent
to a faint degree or weakly perceived
Historians were unable to validate the authenticity of the letters, however, and quickly dismissed them as a hoax.
in a sturdy manner
Some researchers believe that the genes that enable groundhogs and certain other mammals to hibernate through the winter by slowing their breathing and heart rates and lowering their body temperature may be dormant in humans: present yet having essentially no effect on our bodily processes.
declared or made legally valid
fully understood or grasped
angered at something unjust or wrong
The migration’s obligate nature is why diadromous fish can be demarcated from those that are merely euryhaline (able to tolerate high salinity): the euryhaline blackchin tilapia can survive high salinity, but its life cycle does not involve relocation to a different biome, as does that of the diadromous wild salmon.
He later explored a different style, creating quilt-like paintings inspired by the patchwork quilting tradition of Black communities in the South.
a high standing achieved through success or influence or wealth etc.
relatively long in duration; tediously protracted
fill something that had previously been emptied
the ability to create
lacking order or methodical arrangement or function
not deliberate
The creation of Lotte Reiniger’s 1926 animated film The Adventures of Prince Achmed was arduous process.
Because this trait is present but less recognizable in many other animals, animal-behavior researchers often employ tasks specially designed to reveal individual animals’ preferences for a certain hand or paw.
lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness
Seminole/Muscogee director Sterlin Harjo repudiates television’s tendency to situate Native characters in the distant past: this rejection is evident in his series Reservation Dogs , which revolves around teenagers who dress in contemporary styles and whose dialogue is laced with current slang.
For instance, imported goods may reduce expenses for a country’s average consumer, but for consumers living far from ports, high intranational transport costs could nullify the price advantages associated with imports.
an insufficient quantity or number
Al-Sweedan and Moath Alhaj is inspired by their observation that though there have been many studies of the effect of high altitude on blood chemistry, there is a paucity of studies of the effect on blood chemistry of living in locations below sea level, such as the California towns of Salton City and Seeley.
not as far along as normal in development
Nigerian American author Teju Cole’s enthusiasm for his two passions—photography and the written word—culminates in his 2017 book, Blind Spot , which evocatively combines his original photographs from his travels with his poetic prose.
(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin
Some cities are instituting programs to encourage this behavior, establishing reward points and other incentives for shopping at small businesses.
following in time or order
Forrest’s novel Divine Days contains a long passage in tribute to Faulkner that is a perfect imitation of Faulkner’s style: anyone familiar with Faulkner’s writing would see the resemblance.
in a hearty manner
The author’s claim about the relationship between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens is tenuous , as it fails to account for several recent archaeological discoveries.
difficult to analyze or understand
expressing pain or dissatisfaction of resentment
Stephen Hannock’s luminous landscape paintings are appealing to viewers but have elicited little commentary from contemporary critics, a phenomenon that may be due to the very fact that the paintings seem so accessible .
(especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back
The Mule Bone , a 1930 play written by Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes, is perhaps the best-known of the few examples of collaboration in literature.
of an obscure nature
widely diffused or prevalent; widely extended or spread out
Because it represented the sounds of spoken Cherokee so accurately, his script was easy to learn and thus quickly achieved widespread use: by 1830, over 90 percent of the Cherokee people could read and write it.
disregarded
Cuttlefish appear to be surprisingly competent at exercising self-control: in a 2021 study conducted by behavioral ecologist Alexandra Schnell, these cephalopods routinely demonstrated restraint by delaying gratification, waiting for a favorite treat instead of instantly devouring a readily available meal.
currently happening
in an overt manner
More Classic Science Fiction Stories by Women , Yaszek identifies an increasing sense of overtly feminist mode of writing in the 1970s, in contrast to many woman-authored science fiction stories of the 1920s to 1960s whose politics were less deliberately signaled.
capable of being prevented
Researchers and conservationists stress that biodiversity loss due to invasive species is preventable .
gotten through environmental forces
Most of the recently discovered minor planets, however, are given only an identification number, largely due to there being over 500,000 such bodies known at present, which makes the already challenging task of finding a unique name for each nearly insurmountable .
In 2020, Jianqiang Wu and his colleagues determined that the tiny dodder achieves this synchronization with its host by absorbing and utilizing a protein the host produces when it is about to flower.
Archaeologist Helle Vandkilde and colleagues recently provided radiocarbon dates for the helmets, and their findings justify scholars’ skepticism: the helmets date to the Nordic Bronze Age, centuries before the Vikings existed.
Some economic historians surmised that late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century households in the United States experienced an economy of scale when it came to food purchases—they assumed that large households spent less on food per person than did small households.
The delays are unlikely to invalidate her projection entirely but will almost certainly extend its time frame.
marked by lack of definite plan or regularity or purpose; jumping from one thing to another
While some commentators lauded this development, asserting that such blogs had a welcome transparency missing from traditional news, less sanguine observers countered that such blogs tended to ideological extremes that exacerbated political polarization to problematic levels.
This is because the nose is the most fragile part of a sculpture of a person’s head.
For painter Jacob Lawrence, being observant was an important part of the artistic process.
The process of mechanically recycling plastics is often considered inadequate because of the environmental impact and the loss of material quality that often occurs.
interpret in the wrong way
Given that the conditions in binary star systems should make planetary formation nearly impossible, it’s not surprising that the existence of planets in such systems has lacked straightforward explanation.
It is by no means unimportant to recognize the influence of Dutch painter Hieronymus Bosch on Ali Banisadr’s paintings; indeed, Banisadr himself cites Bosch as an inspiration.
the quality of being exact
Ecologist Exequiel Ezcurra and colleagues found that the inhabitants of the Mexica empire used natural landmarks to track time with a high degree of exactitude .
take the place or move into the position of
a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude
Players use a wooden stick to scrape along ridges cut into the side of the gourd, creating sounds that are highly variable : the sounds produced by güiros can differ based on the distance between the ridges, the types of strokes the player uses, and the thickness of the gourd.
Stars form in cloudlike swirls of gas and dust that cannot be touched‚ but astrophysicist Nia Imara believes these formations need not remain completely intangible to researchers: she uses simulation data and sophisticated 3D printers to produce interactive models of these stellar nurseries.
no longer sufficient
show an exaggerated response to something